Vanadium is one of the more abundant elements in the Earth’s crust and exhibits a wide range of oxidation states in its compounds making it potentially a more sustainable and more economical choice as a catalyst than the noble metals. A wide variety of reactions have been found to be catalysed by homogeneous, supported and heterogeneous vanadium complexes and the number of applications is growing fast. Bringing together the research on the catalytic uses of this element into one essential resource, including theoretical perspectives on proposed mechanisms for vanadium catalysis and an overview of its relevance in biological processes, this book is a useful reference for industrial and academic chemists alike.

Up-to-date coverage of vanadium research--in two accessible,self-contained volumes Vanadium in the Environment brings togetherthe contributions of leading experts on the chemical andtoxicological aspects of vanadium exposure and its effects onaquatic and terrestrial environments, human health, and wildlife.This initial volume focuses on chemistry and biochemistry, whilePart Two concentrates on health effects and toxicology in livingorganisms. Topics in this first volume include: * History, occurrence, and uses of vanadium * Vanadium in the atmosphere * Chemistry of relevance to vanadium in the environment * Water quality criteria for vanadium * Spectroscopic methods for the characterization of vanadiumcomplexes * Bioaccumulation and transfer of vanadium in marineorganisms * Structure, function, and models of biogenic vanadiumcompounds * Catalytic effects of vanadium on phosphoryl transferenzymes * Bioactivity of vanadium compounds on cells in culture

The chemistry of vanadium has expanded considerably in the last decade. The element is a main consitutent and focus of research on orally administered anti-diabetes therapies, catalysts for bulk preparation of organic feedstock, and primary metallic component of certain haloperoxidases and tunicate blood cells. No less important is vanadium's function in human, animal and plant nutrition, as aw contaminant of coal and petroleum, and as an often toxic pollutant in air, soil and water. This book describes several recent developments in experimental techniques for studying vanadium, new vanadium compounds and new advances in fundamental inorganic, organic and biochemical studies of vanadium, and includes applications to the enzymology, toxicology and anitcarcinogenic and insulin-enhancing abilities of vanadium compounds.

Catalysis, the speeding up of a chemical reaction by a substance which itself does not react, is vital not only to the chemical process industry but also to life itself. The six volume Encyclopedia of Catalysis is the definitive A-to-Z reference work covering the most significant aspects of homogenous, heterogeneous, asymmetric, biomimetic, and biological catalysis. Available both on-line and in print, the state-of-the-art Encyclopedia encompasses the principles of catalysis; the scope of catalytic reactions; the preparation, characterization, and use of catalysts (including catalytic technology); the modeling of catalytic processes; and related reaction engineering techniques. The logical organization of this seminal work renders the text easily accessible to both process personnel and those involved in basic and applied research and development. For more information regarding the online edition, please visit Wiley InterScience at www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com/enccat

Discusses recent research and provides tutorial chapters on enhancing selectivity in catalysis through stereoselectivity, reaction pathway control, shape selectivity, and alloys and clusters. Presents an interdisciplinary approach to increasing selectivity in homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis research. Includes an overview chapter that discusses the current state of the field and offers a perspective on future directions.

Our understanding of the mechanisms of catalytic reactions has progressed rapidly over the last two decades. This book is a lucid introduction to the application of highly precise calculation methods to catalytic systems. Emphasis is placed on * Molecular orbital methods * Catalysis by metal complexes * Catalysis by metals and metal oxides This book will be extremely useful to graduate students and researchers in industry and academia.